The literature study on which this article is based argues that African governments have failed the majority of their citizens in that they have not adequately developed their countries in terms of sustainable social and economic growth. African governments need to improve their efforts to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by ensuring that the progress of Agenda 2030 is monitored. The study aimed to critically analyse and discuss the challenges African governments are likely to encounter in tracking SDGs, ensuring that Agenda 2030 is monitored effectively, and ascertaining how they should be reformed. The study utilised a qualitative approach with a historical design. Data was collected from secondary sources, which included books, journals and the Internet, and were discussed in themes using textual analysis. The available published and reviewed articles were utilised to debate, argue and discuss the likely challenges